Spotted Archerfish - Toxotes chatareus : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide

Introduction

The Spotted Archerfish (Toxotes chatareus) is an intriguing species native to the Indo-Pacific region, encompassing the coastal waters stretching from northern Australia to the eastern reaches of the Philippine Islands. Distinguished by its remarkable hunting method of precisely spitting water droplets to dislodge insects from overhanging vegetation, this species has aptly earned the moniker "Archerfish." Its captivating appearance has garnered significant attention and fascination among both aquarists and naturalists.

In their natural habitat, Spotted Archerfish exhibit a predilection for congregating in small groups, making it advisable to maintain them in shoals comprised of a minimum of six individuals of similar size within the confines of an aquarium. This collective approach serves to mitigate potential issues related to aggression, thus preventing the persistent targeting of specific individuals. Larger shoals not only align with their innate social behaviour but also distribute any aggressive tendencies more evenly among the group.

Introducing the entire shoal simultaneously is paramount, as newcomers, particularly smaller specimens, may encounter resistance from established group members. Compatibility extends to the potential inclusion of other brackish water species, such as juvenile Scats, Monodactylus species, Knight gobies, and Orange Chromides. However, it is imperative to ensure that prospective tankmates are of an appropriate size, as larger Archerfish possess the capability to prey upon smaller fish.

Creating an optimal habitat for Spotted Archerfish necessitates an aquarium with ample dimensions, ideally measuring a minimum of 5 feet in length, 2 feet in width, and 2 feet in height. Maintaining a reduced water level within the tank, complemented by secure and well-fitting lids, encourages the natural feeding behaviour of water-shooting that characterizes these fish. Paludarium-style setups, incorporating elements such as twigs and aquatic vegetation above the water's surface, prove particularly conducive to their well-being.

Thoughtful aquascaping involves the strategic placement of sizeable bogwood pieces and upright slate structures at the rear of the aquarium, accompanied by resin root ornaments to create essential shaded retreats and hiding spots. Archerfish are known to seek refuge in these areas, especially during the initial acclimation phase. While these fish coexist with aquatic vegetation, it is essential to select species tolerant of brackish water conditions. Furthermore, given their sensitivity to water pollutants, meticulous maintenance of water quality is of paramount importance. Employing robust filtration systems and adhering to a regimen of frequent partial water changes are indispensable practices to uphold pristine water conditions. When maintaining these fish at the upper end of their preferred temperature range, ensuring adequate water oxygenation becomes critical for their overall well-being.

Differing from the typical silvery appearance seen in most Archerfish species, Spotted Archerfish exhibit a distinct colouration characterized by a dusky grey to tan hue, occasionally enhanced with a subtle silvery iridescence. Their body features a notable sooty shade, accompanied by a distinctive pattern consisting of six to seven black spots adorning the upper sides. Furthermore, Spotted Archerfish display alternating horizontal bands, varying in intensity, with a prevalence of these markings observed ventrally.