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The dynamics of red Noctiluca scintillans in the coastal aquaculture areas of Southeast China

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Abstract

Noctiluca scintillans (NS) adds an aesthetic appeal to many coastal areas because of their bioluminescence. An intense bloom of the red NS frequently occurs in the coastal aquaculture region of Pingtan Island in Southeastern China. However, when NS exceeds in abundance, it causes hypoxia which has devastating impacts on the aquaculture. This study was conducted in the Southeastern part of China with an aim to examine the relationship between the profusion of NS and its impacts on marine environment. Samples from four stations on Pingtan Island were collected for 12 months (January to December 2018) and were later analyzed in laboratory against five parameters, namely temperature, salinity, wind speed, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a. Results showed that the NS blooms were particularly active during the months of May and June in the Pingtan Island area. The seawater temperatures during that time were recorded between 20 and 28.8 °C indicating the optimum survival temperature for NS. The NS bloom activity ceased above 28.8 °C. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the richness of NS was positively associated with temperature and salinity, whereas there was a significant reverse correlation between NS accumulation and wind speed. NS is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate and relies on the predation of algae for reproduction; therefore, a significant correlation was observed between NS abundance and chlorophyll a concentration, and an inverse correlation was observed between NS and phytoplankton abundance. Additionally, red NS growth was observed immediately following the diatom bloom, suggesting that phytoplankton, temperature, and salinity are the essential factors in the evolution, progression, and termination of NS growth.

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Data availability

The datasets generated analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

One of the author M. Z thanks the CSC (2019SLJ011158) China for providing scholarship to supporting him work for the professional support and in the management of the project and the publication.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Plan “Strategic International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation” (2016YFE0202100) and Marine Red Tide Early Warning and Prevention in Pingtan coastal area (PT2021006). Fujian Provincial Water Conservancy Technology Project (SC-292, DH-1558, 21NB000922, MSK202202.

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Author notes

  1. Muhammad Zahir and Barathan Balaji-Prasath co-first authors and they contributed equally to the study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Zahir, Barathan Balaji-Prasath, Yu Ping Su, Shenlin Feng & Jiashu Zou

  2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China

    Barathan Balaji-Prasath & Yu Ping Su

  3. Fujian Province Research Centre for River and Lake Health Assessment, Fuzhou, 350007, People’s Republic of China

    Barathan Balaji-Prasath & Yu Ping Su

  4. Environmental monitoring station of the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area, Pingtan, 350499, People’s Republic of China

    Yuxiang yang

  5. Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD), COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zahir

Authors
  1. Muhammad Zahir
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  2. Barathan Balaji-Prasath
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  3. Yu Ping Su
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  4. Shenlin Feng
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  5. Jiashu Zou
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Contributions

MZ involved in writing—original draft, methodology, and formal analysis; Balaji-Prasath Barathan involved in conceptualization, methodology, supervision, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition; Shenlin Feng involved in formal analysis and data curation; Yuping Su involved in conceptualization, supervision, investigation, project administration, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition; Jiashu Zou involved in formal analysis and data curation; and Yuxiang yang involved in formal analysis and data curation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Ping Su.

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Zahir, M., Balaji-Prasath, B., Su, Y.P. et al. The dynamics of red Noctiluca scintillans in the coastal aquaculture areas of Southeast China. Environ Geochem Health 45, 4995–5012 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01528-5

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