Capstan & Turret Lathe

Turret Lathe
Figure 23.9 Schematic illustration of the components of a turret lathe.

Note the two turrets: square and hexagonal (main).
CAPSTAN AND TURRET LATHE

The standard engine lathe is versatile, but it is not a high production
machine. When production requirements are high, more automated
turning machines must be used.
The turret lathe represents the first step from the engine lathe toward
high production turning machines.
The turret lathe is similar to the engine lathe except that tool-holding
turrets replace the tailstock and the tool post-compound assembly.
The skill of the worker is built into these machines, making it

possible for inexperienced operators to reproduce identical parts.
In contrast, engine lathe requires a skilled operator and requires more

time to produce parts that are dimensionally the same.
The principal characteristic of turret lathes is that the tools for

consecutive operations are set up for use in the proper sequence.
Although skill is required to set and adjust the tools properly, once they
are correct,
less skill is required to operate the turret lathe.
Advantages of Turret Lathes

The features of a turret lathe that make it a quantity production
machine are:
Tools may be set up in the turret in the proper sequence for the
operation.
Each station is provided with a feed stop or feed trip so that each cut of
a tool is the same as its previous cut.
Multiple cuts can be taken from the same station at the same time, such
as two or more turning and/or boring cuts.
Advantages of Turret Lathes

Combined cuts can be made; tools on the cross slide can be
used at the same time that tools on the turret are cutting.
Rigidity in holding work and tools is built into the machine to
permit multiple and combined cuts.
Turret lathes can also have attachments for taper turning,
thread chasing and duplicating, and can be made.
Turret indexing mechanism
The turret 1 is mounted on the spindle 5, which rests on bearing on the

turret saddle.
The index plate 2, the bevel gear 3 and the indexing ratchet 4 are keyed
to the spindle 5.
The plunger 14 fitted within the housing and mounted on the saddle locks the
index plate by spring pressure 15 and prevents any rotary movement of the turret
as the tool feeds into the work.
A pin 13 fitted on the plunger 14 projects out of the housing.
An actuating cam 10 and indexing pawl 7 are attached to the lathe bed 9 at the
desired position.
Both the cam and the pawl are spring loaded.

As the turret reaches the backward position , the actuating cam 10 lifts the
plunger 14 out of the groove in the index plate due to the riding of the pin 13 on
the beveled surface of the cam 10 and thus unlocks the index plate 2.
The spring loaded pawl 7 which by this time engages with a groove on the
ratchet plate 4 causes the turret to rotate as the turret head moves backward.
When the index plate or the turret rotates through one sixth of revolution, the
pin 13 and plunger 14 drops out of cam 10 and the plunger locks the index plate
at the next groove.
The turret is thus index by one sixth of revolution and again locked into the new
position automatically.
The turret holding the next tool is now fed forward and the pawl is released from
the ratchet plate by the spring pressure.
When the index plate or the turret rotates through one sixth of revolution, the
pin 13 and plunger 14 drops out of cam 10 and the plunger locks the index plate
at the next groove.
The turret is thus index by one sixth of revolution and again locked into the new
position automatically.
The turret holding the next tool is now fed forward and the pawl is released from
the ratchet plate by the spring pressure.
The ratio of the teeth between the pinion and gear are so chosen that when the
tool mounted on the face of the turret is indexed to bring it to the cutting
position, the particular stop rod for controlling the longitudinal travel of the tool
is aligned with stop 12.
The setting of the stop rods 8 for limiting the feed of each operation may be
adjusted by unscrewing the lock nuts and rotating the stop rods on the plate.
Thus six stop rods may be adjusted for controlling the longitudinal travel of the
tools mounted on the six faces of the turret.
Production of a hexagonal bolt

The planning for Production of a hexagonal bolt is given below:
The capacity chart is made available.
The drawing of the finished hexagonal bolt is taken into consideration.
10 mm
37 mm
16 mm
Hexagonal Bolt
The tools and equipments such as bar stop, roller steady turning tool holder,
roller steady bar ending tool holder, self opening die head, chamfering tool,
parting tool are collected.
The drawing of the work and tools are superimposed on the capacity chart to
decide the length of travel of the tool and the position of stops.
REAR
SQUARE TURRET
T2
T3
T6
T1
WORK
HEX TURRET
T5
FRONT
SQUARE TURRET
T1 = Bar stop, T2 = Roller steady box turning tool, T3 = Bar ending tool,
T4 = Self-opening die head, T5 = Chamfering tool and T6 = Parting tool
Proper speeds and feeds for each operation are next calculated.
T4

Setting and machining operation are performed in the following order:
Setting of bar stops: The bar stop is placed on the first turret face. The bar stop is
set at a distance of 70 mm from the collet face. An extra length of 10 mm than the
bolt length is allowed, 4mm for parting off and 6 mm clearance of the collet face so
that the parting off tool may penetrate deep into work without interference.
Setting of the roller steady box turning tool: The roller steady box turning tool is
set on the next turret face for turning a diameter of 16 mm. The stop for turning tool
is set 20 mm from the collet face.

Setting of bar ending tool: The bar ending tool is set on the next turret face and is
brought into operation after turning the bar. The stop is adjusted in position
accordingly.
Setting of self opening die head: The self opening die head is mounted on the
next face of the turret and dies are fitted into it to cut a thread of 16 mm diameter.
The stop is adjusted in position keeping in view the pulling out length of the die for
self releasing.

Setting of chamfering tool: The chamfering tool is mounted on the four station
turret on the cross slide and the extreme longitudinal position of the saddle is
adjusted by a stop. The cross feed movement of the cross slide is also adjusted by
a stop.
Setting of parting off tool: The parting off tool is set on the rear tool post on the
cross slide and longitudinal position of the parting tool is adjusted by the stop set at
a distance of 6 mm from the turret face.
Capstan lathe Vs Turret lathe

Difference between capstan lathe and turret lathe:
S.No Capstan lathe
Turret lathe
It is a light duty machine
It is a heavy duty machine
The turret head is mounted on the

ram and the ram is mounted on the
saddle.
The turret head is directly

mounted on the saddle and
the saddle slides over the bed
ways
The saddle will not be moved during

machining
The saddle is moved along

with the turret head during
machining
The lengthwise movement of

The lengthwise movement of turret is
turret is more
less
Sr
no
5
Capstan lathe
Turret lathe
Short work pieces only can be machined.
Long work pieces can be

machined
It is easy to move the turret head as it

slides over the ram
It is difficult to move the

turret head along with
saddle
The turret head cannot be moved

crosswise
The turret head can bbe

moved crosswise in
some turret lathes
As the construction of lathe is not rigid,

heavy cut cannot be given
As the construction of
lathe is rigid, heavy cut
can be given
9
10
It is used for machining work pieces up to It is used for machining

60mm diameter
work pieces up to
200mm diameter
Jaw chuck is used to
Collet is used to hold the work piece
hold the work piece

Capstan &amp; Turret Lathe

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Turret Lathe

Figure 23.9 Schematic illustration of the components of a turret lathe.

CAPSTAN AND TURRET LATHE

The skill of the worker is built into these machines, making it

In contrast, engine lathe requires a skilled operator and requires more

The principal characteristic of turret lathes is that the tools for

Advantages of Turret Lathes

Advantages of Turret Lathes

Turret indexing mechanism

The turret 1 is mounted on the spindle 5, which rests on bearing on the

Turret indexing mechanism

Turret indexing mechanism

Both the cam and the pawl are spring loaded.

Turret indexing mechanism

Turret indexing mechanism

Turret indexing mechanism

Turret indexing mechanism

Production of a hexagonal bolt

Production of a hexagonal bolt

Production of a hexagonal bolt

Production of a hexagonal bolt

Production of a hexagonal bolt

Capstan lathe Vs Turret lathe

It is a light duty machine

It is a heavy duty machine

The turret head is mounted on the

The turret head is directly

The saddle will not be moved during

The saddle is moved along

The lengthwise movement of

Short work pieces only can be machined.

Long work pieces can be

It is easy to move the turret head as it

It is difficult to move the

The turret head cannot be moved

The turret head can bbe

As the construction of lathe is not rigid,

It is used for machining work pieces up to It is used for machining

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