O Level and A Level Study Materials PDF

Pata pdf za masomo kwa bei rahisi o level somo 2000 na a level 3000 whatsapp 0673856460
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BILL OF EXCHANGE
Bill of exchange is legally defined as unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to
another signed by a people to whom is addressed to Pay on demand at a fixed or determine future
time sum certain in money to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.
PARTS FOR THE BILL OF EXCHANGE.
DRAWER: Is the one who draws / write the bill of exchange.
DRAWEE: He/she is a person to whom the bill is addressed, he become an acceptor as soon
as he has signified this under taking to comply with the order contained on the
bill.
PAYEE: Is a person or firm to whom or to whose order payment is to be made.
SPECIMEN TO BILL OF EXCHANGE
100,000 SAME 15TH
JAN 2013
Three month after the date pay
ALLY BAKARI or his order
The sum of one hundred thousand shilling (100,000)
To
CHAMBO
DAUDI EMIL FAHMI
From the Example:
Emil Fahmi - Is a drawer
CHAMBO DAUDI -Is a drawee
Ally Bakari or his order - Is a payee
ADVANTAGES OF THE BILL OF EXCHANGE
- It enable an exporter /creditor to obtain cash soon after good are dispatched

- The creditor may get money by discounting the bill
- He/she fixed the date of payment and if payment is not made, a creditor can sure on
the
Evidence of the bill of exchange he/she sells.
- The debtor also benefit by getting credit facilities
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME USEFUL ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM ON BILLS
TRANSACTION UNDER THE FOLLOWING CIRCUMSTANCES
- Where the bill received is retained by the drawer.
- Where the drawer endorse the bill (more than one endorsement).
- Where the drawer endorse the bill (only one endorsement).
- Where the bill endorsed by drawer by drawer and then discounted by the endorsee.
- Dishonoured for the bill.
- Renew the bill.
BILL RECEIVABLE.
The person to receive the money on the bill of exchange regards it as a bill receivable
Therefore the trader drawer a bill of exchange on his customer he records the details of the bill
on the bill’s Receivable book.
When the drawer received back the bill of exchange he can act in one of the following
- Hold the bill of exchange until maturity.
- Discounting the bill.
- Transfer the bill to another person who them requires all the right to it.
PAYMENT OF THE BILL ON MATURITY
a. On the books of the drawer
I when goods sold on credit
DR: Personal a/c with sales amounts
CR: Sales A/C
ii- When drawee accepts the bill of exchange
DR: Bills receivable with value of the bill.
DR: Drawee
iii- When bill made on maturity (honoured).

DR: Cash at Bank
CR: Bill receivable
b. In the books of Drawee
i. When goods bought on credit.
DR: Purchases with the value of goods
CR: Drawers a/c bought.
ii. When bill drawn by the drawer accepted.
DR: Drawer with the amount of
CR: Bill payable the bills.
When at maturity the bills paid off
DR: Bills payable
CR: Cash at Bank
Example
Good has been sold by Hashimu to Mussa 1st for 200,000. A bill has been drawn end up by
Hashim and accepted by Musa, the date of maturity being 31st March, Hashim keep the bill of
exchange until the maturity then presented for payment. The bill was honored.
Required;
Show journal entries and accounts in the book Drawer and Drawee.
Solution:
In the books of Drawer (Hashim).
DR SALES A/C CR
1/1 Musa 200,000
DR MUSSA A/C CR
1/1 sales 200,000

DR BILL RECEIVABLE A/C CR
1/1 Mussa 200,000 31/3 Bank 200,000
DR BANK A/C CR
31/3 bill receivable 200,000
JOURNAL ENTRIES
DATE DETAILS DR CR
1-Jan i. Musa 200,000
Sales 200,000
-Being goods sold on credit.
1-Jan ii. Bills receivable 200,000
Mussa 200,000
-Being bill of exchange accepted
31/3. iii. Bank 200,000
Bills receivable 200,000
-Being bill of exchange honoured.
In the books of Drawee (Mussa).
DR PURCHASES A/C CR
Hashimu 200,000
DR HASHIMU A/C CR
purchases 200,000

DR BILL PAYABLE A/C CR
Hashimu 200,000
DR BANK A/C CR
Bill payable 200,000
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR CR
Purchases
Hashim
Being: Goods purchased on credit
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
Hashim
Bill payable
Being: Bill of exchange Accepted
Bill payment
Bank
Being: Bill of exchange honoured
EXERCISE
Jumanne bought goods from Mwakipesile valued Tshs 4900/= on 1st Feb 1986. The
bill was for three month credit the bill was drawn by
Mwakipesile and accepted by Jumanne on the same date on due date the
bill was paid by the drawee on maturity date
Required

a) Ledger account
b) Journal entries in the books of Jumanne

2. IF THE BILL OF EXCHANGE DISCOUNTING AT THE BANK
Example
Simple sold goods to Tembo 1st April for 300,000 and draw a bill of exchange to him on that
date for 3 months which he accepted, on 2nd April Simba discounting the bill. The discount
change being 4,000 the bill was honored
Required;
Show Journey Entries in the books of Drawer and Drawee
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR CR
1/4 Temba
Sales
Being: Goods sold on credit
300,000
300,000
1/4 Bill Receivable
Temba
Being B.E. Accepted
300,000
30,000

2/4 Bank
Bill Receivable
Being: B.E discounted
300,000
300,000
2/4 Discount charges
Bank
Being: D changers transferred to P&L
4,000
4,000
2/4 Profit and loss
Discount charges
Being: D charges trended to P&L
4,000
4,000
DR SALES A/C CR
Temba 300,000
DR TEMBA A/C CR
sales 300,000
Temba 30,000 Bank 300,000
DR BANK A/C CR
Bill receivable 300,000
DR DISCOUNT CHARGE A/C CR
Bank 30,000 P&l 300,000

NOTE
No entry on the books of drawer concerning the discount for bill of exchange
JOURNAL ENTRY DR CR
1/4 Purchases
Simba
Being: Goods on credit
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
30,000
30,000
1/4 Simba
Bill Payable
Being: B.E Accepted
Bill payable
Bank
Being: B.E honoured
EXERCISE
Show the journal entries and the ledgers A/c to record the following in the books of C. Kombo
Jan 3 sold goods to D. Daima for 400,000, D. Daima accept the Bill on the same date. Bill
payable after 3 month discounted the bill at Bank for 394,000 Bill honoured by D. Daima.
Solution:
In the books of C. Kombo
Date Details DR CR
3/1 D. Daima
Sales
400,000
400,000
400,000
3/1 Bill Receivable
D. Daima

Pata pdf za masomo kwa bei rahisi o level somo 2000 na a level 3000 whatsapp 0673856460 Page
10
Being B.E. Accepted
394,000
400,000
394,000
Bank
Bill Receivable
Being: D. Change by Drawer
DR SALES A/C CR
D. Daima 400,000
DR D.DAIMA A/C CR
sales 400,000
D. Daima 400,000 Bank 400,000
DR BANK A/C CR
bill receivable 400,000
DR DISCOUNTING CHARGE A/C CR
Bank 6,000 P&l 6,000

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DR PROFIT AND LOSS A/C CR
Discounting charge 6,000
DISHONORED OF THE BILL OF EXCHANGE
When the debtor acceptor fails to make payment on maturity the bill it said to be
DISHONORED.
ACCOUNTING ENTRIES.
-In the books of drawer.
i) When the bill is dishonored by drawee
DR: Personal A/C (Drawee) with the value of bill
DR: Bill receivable
ii) When noting charge paid by Drawee
DR: Drawee A/C with the amount of noting charge.
CR: Bank or Cash A/c
iii) When noting charge transfer to drawers A/c
DR: Cash or Bank
CR: Drawee account
-In the books of drawee
i) When at maturity the bill is dishonored
DR: Bill payable A/C with the value of bill
CR: Drawer A/c
ii) When the bill plus noting charge are paid off
DR: Drawer a/c
DR: Noting charge a/c
CR: Cash/ bank with the amount.
EXAMPLE
On 1st June Twaha sold goods to Pinda for 500,000. A bill of exchange with maturity date of
August was drawn up and accepts by Pinda.

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On August Bill of exchange presented to pinda but he fails to pay it and the bill is therefore
dishonoured. The bill is noted the entry being 20,000 which initially paid by Twaha.
Required.
-Show the accounting entries in the books of Twaha and Pinda
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR CR
1/6 Pinda a/c
Sales a/c
500,000
500,000
500,000
20,000
20,000
500,000
50,000
500,000
20,000
20,000
1/6 Bill Receivable
Pinda a/c
Being B.E. Accepted
Pinda a/c
Bill receivable A/c
Being: B.E Dishonoured
Noting charge
Bank
Being: Noting has paid by drawer
4/8
Pinda a/c
Noting charge
Being: Noting charge has paid
by drawee
In the books of Drawee (PINDA).
DR PURCHASES A/C CR
Twaha 500,000

13
DR TWAHA A/C CR
Bill
payable 500,000 purchases 500,000
Bill
payable 500,000
DR BILL PAYABLE A/C CR
Twaha 500,000 Twaha 500,000
DR BANK A/C CR
Noting charge 20,000
DR NOTING CHARGE A/C CR
Bank 20,000
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR CR
1/6 Purchases a/c
Twaha a/c
500,000
500,000
500,000
50,000
1/8 Twaha a/c
Bill payable a/c
Being B.E. Accepted
Bill payable a/c

14
4/8 Twaha a/c
Being: B.E Dishonoured
500,000
20,000
500,000
20,000
4/8 Pinda a/c
Noting charge
Being: Noting charge paid
by drawee.
EXERCISE
Asha sold goods to Bahati Tshs 300/= on 1st Jan 1990 Bahati accepted bill for
three months and Asha discounted it with the banker for Tshs 280/= on
due date the bill was paid by Bahati
Required
Journal entries and ledger in the books of Asha and Bahati
IN THE BOOKS OF ASHA
Workings:
Discounting charge = face value of the bill−cash received from the bank

15

16
IN THE BOOKS OF DRAWEE

17
NB
Discounting of the bill of exchange
To discount the bill means to collect money from the bank before the
due date (maturity date )
To discount the bill of exchange means to sell of less value than the face value of the
bill
What the bank will do , is to pay drawer (seller ) and the recover the
money from the acceptor ( buyer ). At the sometime the bank charge the drawer the
charges is known as discounting charges.
Discount charge = face value of the bill x rate of discount charge x months of the bill.
 No any effect in the books of drawee because the bill was discounted by the
drawer and is one who borne the discount charge for selling his bill to
the bank before the maturity date. But drawee has to wait until the date of
maturity so as to present the bill to the bank for payment without knowing that the bill
was discounted by the
drawer , that will enable bank to collect money which has been given to
the drawer during bill discounted.

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IF THE BILL IS DISCOUNTED AND DISHONORED.
Definition
This occurs whereby the bill which was originally discounted by the drawer is now dishonoured
Example.
On 10th March Ahmed owned Salum 200,000 for goods supplied on that date, he accepted a bill
at 3 month for the whole amount.
On March 13 Salum discounted the bill of exchange at bank the discounted charge being 10,000
on the due date Ahmed dishonoured the bill and the noting charge were 15,000.
Required.
-Show accounting entries in the books of drawer
- In the books of Drawer (Ahmed)
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR Cr
10/5 Salum a/c
Sales a/c
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
10/3 Bill receivable a/c
Salum a/c
Being B.E accepted
13/3 Bank a/c
Bill receivable a/c
Being: B.E. discounted
13/3 Discounting charges a/c
Bank a/c
Being: charge paid by drawer
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
13/3 Profit & Loss a/c
Discounting charges a/c
Being: D charges transfer to P&l
13/06 Salum a/c

19
Bill receivable
Being B.E dishonoured
200,000
15,000
15,000
200,000
15,000
15,000
13/06 Noting charge a/c
Bank a/c
Being noting charge paid by drawer
13/06 Salum a/c
Noting charges a/c
Being charge transfer to drawee
EXERCISE.1 (DISHONOURED BILL)
Nyangeta sold goods on 1st Jan 1990 to Masambe who accepted a bill of exchange on
the same date payable three months times for Tshs 5000 on maturity the
bill was presented to Masambe but failed to pay thus the bill was dishonoured it
was noted and the noting charges amounted to Tshs 200/=
Required
Record the above transaction in the books of drawer and show the journal entries

20
IN THE BOOKS OF DRAWER
NB
noting charges is an expenses to the drawer(seller ) therefore should credited in
the bank account in the books of drawer.
EXERCISE.2
Sudi sold of Tshs 4000/= to Chaka who received an
acceptance from Chaka for two months. Sudi discounted the bill with the
banker who charged him 8% discounting charges on maturity the bank failed to
get money from Chaka, thus the bill was dishonoured noting charges amount to
Tshs 350/=
Required:
a) Ledger account
b) Journal entries in the books of drawer.

21

22
JOURNAL ENTRIES

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EXERCISE 3
On January 1st 1998 Anna sold goods to Bakari for Tshs 50,000/= and on the same
day drew up him a bill for three month on January 4th 1998 discount it for Tshs
49000/= with the bankers. On due date the bill was dishonored and noting charges
to Tshs 100/=
Required
a) Record the above transaction in the journal of Anna ignore narration
Open the ledger account in the books of Anna
IF THE BILL OF EXCHANGE ENDORSED
This is where by the bill of exchange negotiated (given) to someone else.
Example

24
The goods have been sold by Juma to Bakar on 1st Jan 12 for 400,000. A bill of exchange drawn
by Juma and accepted by Bakari on Jan 2012. The date of maturity being 31 March 2012.
The bill is endorsed to Ismail on 3st March. Show
-The ledger and Journal entire in the books of Juma.
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Date Details DR Cr
1/1 Bakari a/c
Sales a/c
400,000
400,000
Bakari a/c
Being B.E accepted
400,000
400,000
3/3 Ismail a/c
Bill receivable
Being: B.E. discounted
400,000
400,000
31/3 Bank a/c
Ismail
Being: B.E honoured
400,000
400,000
DR SALES A/C CR
Bakar 400,000
DR BAKAR A/C CR
sales 400,000

25
Bakar 400,000 Ismail 400,000
DR ISMAIL A/C CR
bill receivable 400,000 Bank 400,000
DR BANK A/C CR
Ismail 400,000
EXERCISE.
The goods has been sold by Mcharo to Abubakar and Ahmed for 500,000 and 100,000
respectively on 1st Jan. The bill of exchange drawn by Mcharo and accepted by Abubakari and
Ahamed. The date of maturity being 3rd March, the bill drawn to Abubakar was discounted at
bank by Mcharo for 496,000 on 5th Jan and the another 700,000 bill which drawn to Ahamed
endorsed to Yusuf. Both bill are honored.
Required:
To show the ledger and journal entries in book of drawer.
-In the books of Drawer (Mcharo to Abubakar).
DR SALES A/C CR
Abubakar 500,000
DR ABUBAKAR A/C CR
sales 500,000

26
Abubakar 500,000
DR BANK A/C CR
Bill rec. 500,000 Disc. charge 4,000
DR D. CHARGE A/C CR
Bank 4,000 P&L 4,000
DR PROFIT AND LOSS A/C CR
Disc. charge 4,000
JOURNAL ENTRIES
DATE DETAILS DR CR
1/1 Abubakar a/c
Sales a/c
Being: Good sold on credit
500,000
500,000
500,000
500,000
Abubakar a/c
Being: BE Accepted

27
5/1 Bank a/c
Bill receivable a/c
Being B.E Discounted
496,000
4,000
4,000
496,000
4,000
4,000
5/1 Discounted charges a/c
Bank a/c
Being: D charges paid by drawer
5/1 Profit & loss a/c
Discounting charge a/c
Being: D charge transferred P&L
In the books of Drawer (Mcharo to Ahmed)
JOURNAL ENTRIES
DATE DETAILS DR CR
1/1 Ahmed a/c
Sales a/c
Being: Good sold on credit
700,000
700,000
700,000
700,000
700,000
700,000
Abubakar a/c
Being: B.E Acceptant
5/1 Bill receivable
Ahmed’s a/c
Being B.E Discounted
5/1 Yusuf a/c
Bill receivable a/c
Being: B E endorsed to Yusuf
5/1 Bank a/c

28
Yusuf a/c
Being B.E honoured
700,000
700,000
700,000
700,000
RENEWING A BILL OF EXCHANGE
Definition
To renew a bill of exchange means to extend the credit period by the duration of the
bill.
To renew a bill means to extend the maturity date of the bill
This happen when the acceptor (drawer ) of
the bill may not be in the position to honor the
bill on presentation and it may be mutually arrange that he accept a fresh bill(new
bill) in place of the existing one interest is usually added to
the new bill as compensation for the delayed payment
In the books of drawer (seller )
1. When the bill is dishonoured
DR: debtor (drawee ) account
CR: bill receivable account
With the value of the bill
2. When the drawee debtors accept a new bill
DR: bills receivable account
CR: debtor (drawee) account
With the new value of the bill with interest

29
3. Interest on the new bill
DR: debtor (drawee) account
CR: interest receivable account
value of interest
4. When the bill is honoured by the debtor
DR: bank account
CR: bills receivable account
With the value of the new bill
Example
On 1st Jan 1981 peter sold goods to
Abdallah valued Tshs 4000/= on three month credit on 1st April
1981 Peter presented his bill to the bank but the bill was dishonored and he
paid 25/= a charge on dishonored bill. It was arranged that he accept fresh bill in
place of the existing one the interest of 50/= was charged
for Abdallah honored the bill
Required:
Show the ledger account and journal in the books of peter
IN THE BOOKS OF DRAWER(PETER )

30

31
Example 2
On 1st Jan 1990 Juma sold goods to Hamis for Tshs 2000/= on three months credit.
Hamis dishonored his obligation to Juma
The bill was noted for Tshs 300/= Hamis accepted a
fresh bill with interest of 400/= on 30th May 1990, Hamis honored the new bill
Required
a) Ledger account
b) Journal entries in the books of accepted and drawer
IN THE BOOKS OF ACCEPTOR

32

33

34

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EXERCISE
Show journal entries and bill and all ledger account to
record the following transaction on the books E.china
June 4. Sold goods on credit of Tshs 5000/= to F.FELL
June 4 bill drawn and accepted by F.FELL Tshs 5180/= to
include interest payable
After 3 months
Sept 7 bill dishonored by F. FELLI
Sept 8. Noting charge paid in cash Tshs 20/=
Sept 9. F.FELI agree to accept new bill for Tshs 5360/= to
include noting and interest
For the further three months period

36
Dec 31st F. FELI honored the new bill
IN THE BOOKS OF E. CHINA

37
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
On 1st Feb 2001 Salome for her own accommodation draws upon Thomas a bill for Tshs
5000/= for three months the bill is accepted be Thomas on due date Thomas meets the
bill but her bank account didn’t have a sufficient funds to meet the bill instead she pays
Tshs 2000/= in cash and gives a bill for two month for 3000/= plus interest of 4%
per annum this is dully met on maturity
Required
a) Give the journal entries in the books of Salome ignoring narration
b) Post to the relevant ledger account

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